Journal: Photosynthetica

Article Title: Biochemical, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of maize genotypes under drought stress reveals important insights into their interaction and homeostasis

doi: 10.32615/ps.2022.024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pearson 's correlation between recorded parameters under control conditions. * Significant at P <0.05 and ** significant at P <0.01. C i / C a – the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO 2 concentration; E – transpiration rate; F v /F m – maximal quantum efficiency of PSII; g H2O – water vapor conductance; MDA – malondialdehyde; NPQ – nonphotochemical quenching; P N – net assimilation rate; TAOC – total antioxidant capacity; VPD – air to leaf vapor pressure deficit; Y NPQ – quantum yield of NPQ-related energy loss; Ф PSII – quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport.

Article Snippet: Pearson 's correlation (two-tailed) and principal component analysis (PCA) biplot analysis for both genotypes and recorded parameters was performed in Origin Pro 2022 ( https://www.originlab.com/ ).

Techniques: Control, Concentration Assay, Multiple Displacement Amplification

Journal: Photosynthetica

Article Title: Biochemical, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of maize genotypes under drought stress reveals important insights into their interaction and homeostasis

doi: 10.32615/ps.2022.024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pearson 's correlation between recorded parameters under drought. * Significant at P <0.05 and ** significant at P <0.01. C i / C a – the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO 2 concentration; E – transpiration rate; F v /F m – maximal quantum efficiency of PSII; g H2O – water vapor conductance; MDA – malondialdehyde; NPQ – nonphotochemical quenching; P N – net assimilation rate; TAOC – total antioxidant capacity; VPD – air to leaf vapor pressure deficit; Y NPQ – quantum yield of NPQ-related energy loss; Ф PSII – quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport.

Article Snippet: Pearson 's correlation (two-tailed) and principal component analysis (PCA) biplot analysis for both genotypes and recorded parameters was performed in Origin Pro 2022 ( https://www.originlab.com/ ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Multiple Displacement Amplification

Journal: Nature

Article Title: LILRB4 signaling in leukemia cells mediates T cell suppression and tumor infiltration

doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0615-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a-c, WT or lilrb4 -KO THP-1 cells (3×10 6 cells/mouse) were subcutaneously implanted into hPBMC-repopulated NSG mice (WT, n=14 mice with mean and s.e.m.; lilrb4 -KO, n=10 mice with mean and s.e.m. Also see Source Data .). Shown are tumor size ( a ), quantitation of CD3 + at day 31 in peripheral blood of recipient mice ( b ) and representative flow plots showing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells ( c ). d-e, LILRB4 increases PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrated T cells. WT or lilrb4 -KO THP-1 cells were subcutaneously implanted into hPBMC-repopulated NSG mice. Three weeks after implantation, 7 out of 10 WT-group mice had large tumors and 3 out of 10 KO-group mice had tiny tumors. These tumors were dissected for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry staining with anti-LILRB4, anti-CD3, anti-PD-1 or anti-Arginase-1 antibodies. Left corner images were magnified from the yellow highlighted regions. In CD3 and PD-1 staining images, orange dash lines indicate the tumor boundary. Black arrowheads indicate PD-1 positive cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. Shown in e , tumors were dissected and cells in tumor region were stained with anti-CD3 and anti-PD-1 antibodies for flow cytometry analysis. The percentages of PD-1 + T cells (Ratio of PD-1 + CD3 + cells/CD3 + cells) were calculated. f-i, THP-1 cells were transplanted into hPBMC-repopulated NSG mice, and mice were treated with control IgG or anti-LILRB4 antibody after 6 days (10 mg/kg; n=5). Leukemia development was monitored by luminescence imaging ( f ); luminescence flux (radiance) at day 26 ( g ; n=5) and T cell numbers at day 26 in representative mice ( h-i ) were also shown. j-k, Engraftment of human T cells and i.v. transplanted Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible lilrb4 -knockout THP-1 cells (GFP + ) in NSG mice at day 7 before Dox administration (n=5). l, Representative flow plot shows LILRB4 was successfully deleted in engrafted leukemia cells in bone marrow of Dox-fed mouse at the endpoint. n.s., not significant. m-w, Mouse AML C1498 cells (3×10 6 cells/mouse) that stably express LILRB4-IRES-GFP were s.c. implanted into C57bl/6 mice. Anti-LILRB4-N297A antibodies or control IgG were i.v. injected at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days post implantation of tumor cells. Two groups of mice were treated with anti-CD8 antibodies at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days post implantation of tumor cells to achieve CD8 + T cell depletion. m, Tumor growth of subcutaneously implanted human LILRB4-expressing mouse AML C1498 cells (h lilrb4 -C1498) in C57BL/6 mice with anti-LILRB4-N297A antibody or control antibody treatment (n=5 mice). Also see Source Data . n, Survival curve of subcutaneous h lilrb4 -C1498-tumor-bearing mice (n=12 mice). Same as tumor size, anti-LILRB4 antibodies decreased the tumor weight ( o, n=5 mice) but did not in the absence of CD8 + T cells ( p, n=5 mice). The percentage of CD8 + T cells in spleen is significantly negatively correlated with tumor size ( q, n=5 mice) but not in the absence of CD8 + T cells ( r, n=5 mice). s, Adoptive transplantation of spleen cells from control mice or tumor-bearing mice that were cured by anti-LILRB4-N297A treatment (n=5 mice). Tumor size was monitored as a function of time. Arrow indicates day of rechallenge in mice that had eliminated leukemia with 3-times number of AML cells (n=4 mice). Also see Source Data . Anti-LILRB4 antibodies reduced the leukemia cells infiltrating into host tissues ( t-v, n=5 mice ) and even CD8 + cells were depleted ( w, n=5 mice). x-z, C57bl/6 mice were i.v. implanted with human LILRb4-expressing mouse AML C1498 cells (3×10 6 cells/mouse) that express GFP. Anti-LILRB4-N297A antibodies (n=9 mice) or control IgG (n=9 mice) were i.v. injected at 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days post implantation of tumor cells. Anti-LILRB4 antibodies decreased the percentage of leukemia cells in bone marrow ( x ). Anti-LILRB4 antibodies increased CD8 + T cells ( y ). The percentage of CD8 + T cells in bone marrow is significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of leukemia cells ( z ). ( c, i and l ) These experiments were repeated independently three times with similar results. See for definition of box plot elements in b, e, g-h, j-k, o-p and t-y . All p values (except of n from long-rank test; and except of q-r and z from Pearson’s correlation) were from two-tailed student t -test.

Article Snippet: The custom code for Pearson’s correlation analysis in RStudio is showed below.

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Control, Imaging, Knock-Out, Stable Transfection, Injection, Transplantation Assay, Two Tailed Test